TOPCon technology: What exactly is it and how mature is it in production?

By Radovan Kopecek, Jan Hoß & Jan Lossen, International Solar Energy Research Center (ISC) Konstanz e.V., Germany

In this paper the situation of solar cell production in China is summarized, and an attempt is made to answer the question of whether passivated contacts could replace PERC technology, which will eventually reach its efficiency limit in the future.